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Table 3 Studies of clinical outcomes using interventions of home-based telemedicine.

From: Clinical outcomes resulting from telemedicine interventions: a systematic review

Outcomes

Quality Score

Clinical Specialty

Sample

Intervention

Effects

Flatley-Brennan[29]

I-B

AIDS

57 patients

Social isolation and decision-making skill for home computer network (RCT)

Reduced social isolation when controlled for depression and improved confidence in decision-making with increased use

Gustafson[30]

I-A

AIDS

183 patients

Quality of life and hospitalizations (RCT)

Improvement in active life, negative emotions, cognitive functions, social support, and participation in health care; fewer hospitalizations

Brennan[31]

I-B

Alzheimer's Disease

102 caregivers

Social isolation and decision-making skill for home computer network (RCT)

Improved decision-making confidence but no improvement in decision-making skill or social isolation

Sparks [32]

II-B

Cardiology

20 patients

Comparison of home exercise program with transtelephonic exercise monitoring vs. hospital-based program (RCT)

Both groups improved equally in cardiac function, no medical emergencies in either group

Mahmud [26]

III-B

Chronic Disease

12 patients

Home telecare in chronic disease for frail elderly

Improved compliance and control of disease process; decreased hospitalization and nursing home placement

Nakamura[25]

II-B

Chronic Disease

32 patients

Home telecare in chronic disease for frail elderly

Improvement in activities of daily living, communication, and social cognition

Johnston[24]

I-B

Chronic Disease

212 patients

Home telecare in chronic disease for frail elderly (RCT)

Both groups had comparable medication compliance, knowledge of disease, and ability for self-care

Ahring[17]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

42 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c drop from 10.6% to 9.2% (-13.2%); control group from 11.2% to 10.2% (-8.9%)

Shultz[21]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

20 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Reduced HgbA1c levels in computer group but details not given

Billiard[19]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

22 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c drop from 6.7% to 6.0%; control group from 6.8% to 6.7%

DiBiase[22]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

20 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring in gestational diabetes (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c drop from 6.4% to 5.0%; control group from 7.1% to 5.7%

Frost[23]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

21 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring in gestational diabetes

Computer group had HgbA1c drop from 6.1% to 5.4%; control group from 6.2% to 5.7%

Marrero[16]

I-B

Diabetes Mellitus

106 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c rise from 9.4% to 10.0%; control group from 9.9% to 10.3%; no difference in ER visits, psychological status, or family functioning

Mease[20]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

28 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c fall from 9.5% to 8.2% vs. 9.5% to 8.6% for control group

Biermann[18]

II-B

Diabetes Mellitus

46 patients

Home blood sugar monitoring (RCT)

Computer group had HgbA1c fall from 8.3% to 7.3% vs. 8.0% to 6.8% for control group

Friedman[27]

I-A

Hypertension

267 patients

Automated patient monitoring and counseling (RCT)

Adherence and diastolic blood pressure improved

Cartwright[28]

I-B

Hypertension

99 patients

Anxiety, blood pressure readings, and gestational age at delivery in home vs. hospital-monitored women (RCT)

Comparable levels of anxiety, mean blood pressure, and gestational age of delivery

Gray[33]

I-B

Neonatology

56 patients

Quality of care and hospitalization (RCT)

Trend towards earlier discharge from hospital

Miyasaka[34]

III-B

Pulmonary

10 patients

Amount of unscheduled care before and after installation of videophone access to physician

Reduction in number of house calls (5 vs. 0), unscheduled hospital visits (24 vs. 5), and hospital admission days (22 vs. 10)