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Table 2 Completeness and logical consistency of data records collected using smartphone and pen-and-paper data collection systems, Kenya, 2011-2012

From: A comparison of smartphones to paper-based questionnaires for routine influenza sentinel surveillance, Kenya, 2011–2012

 

Smart phone

Pen and paper

 

Question type

Total number of questions assessed

Number of errors/incomplete/inconsistent records (%)

Total number of questions assessed

Number of errors/incomplete/inconsistent records (%)

Adjusted IRR*

p value

95% CI

Questions requiring responses without programmed checks on the smartphone version

Incomplete records

       

Questions on clinical symptoms

11,440

11 (0.1)

11,440

54 (0.5)

4.2

<0.01

2.1-8.3

Questions assessing past medical history

1,760

6 (0.3)

1,760

5 (0.3)

0.9

0.82

0.3-2.9

Questions on exposure history

3,520

6 (0.2)

3,520

108 (3.1)

17.4

<0.01

7.6-39.8

Questions on vital signs

1,760

2 (0.1)

1,760

14 (0.8)

5.6

0.03

1.2-26.3

Total

18,480

25 (0.1)

18,480

181 (1.0)

7

<0.01

4.4-10.3

Errors and inconsistent answers

       

Questions assessing past medical history

243

1 (0.4)

227

178 (78.4)

200

<0.01

28.0-1431.2

Questions on exposure history

6

2 (33.3)

6

3 (50.0)

1

0.86

0.2-8.2

Questions on vital signs

1,760

5 (0.3)

1,760

5 (0.3)

1

0.48

0.2-2.4

Total

2,009

8 (0.4)

1,993

186 (8.3)

25

<0.01

12.5-51.8

Questions requiring responses with programmed checks on the smartphone version

Date of interview

-

-

880

0 (0)

-

-

-

Case classification

-

-

880

2 (0.2)

-

-

-

Gender

-

-

880

2 (0.2)

-

-

-

Pregnant if female

-

-

9

6 (66.7)

-

-

-

Total

-

-

2,649

10 (0.4)

-

-

-