Table 1 Distribution of various variables in AKI and non-AKI encounters. For numeric variables, mean and standard deviation are shown; categorical variables are shown with the number of occurrences and percentages

Demographics

 Age

75.2 ± 9.5

75.3 ± 9.6

0.799

 BMI

29.7 ± 8.2

28.4 ± 7.3

<0.0001

 Race = White

1974 (87.4 %)

20940 (90.0 %)

<0.0001

 Race = Black

198 (8.8 %)

1571 (6.8 %)

<0.0004

 Race = Other

27 (1.2 %)

240 (1.0 %)

0.5331

 Sex = Female

1101 (48.8 %)

12426 (53.4 %)

<0.0001

 Sex = Male

1154 (51.1 %)

10791 (46.4 %)

<0.0001

 Tobacco Use = Never

767 (34.0 %)

8601 (37.0 %)

<0.005

 Tobacco Use = Quit

1281 (56.7 %)

12118 (52.1 %)

<0.0001

 Tobacco Use = Yes

193 (8.5 %)

2360 (10.1 %)

<0.02

 Alcohol Use

705 (31.2 %)

8037 (34.6 %)

<0.002

 Family History

37 (1.64 %)

442 (1.90 %)

0.4280

Laboratory Values

 BUN

25.81 ± 14.27

17.45 ± 8.63

<0.0001

 AST

35.49 ± 29.02

27.79 ± 18.7

<0.0001

 Troponin

3.98 ± 3.13

1.31 ± 1.12

<0.0001

 Blood Bilirubin

0.77 ± 0.56

0.60 ± 0.37

<0.0001

 Platelet Count

214.33 ± 92.98

215.11 ± 85.71

0.686

 Heart Rate

84.2 ± 19.0

81.3 ± 18.7

<0.0001

 Temperature

98.2 ± 1.2

98.1 ± 1.6

0.08

 BP systolic

140 ± 32

138 ± 28

<0.01

 BP diastolic

72 ± 16

71 ± 14

<0.04

Medications

 ACE Inhibitors

1219 (54.0 %)

10869 (46.7 %)

<0.0001

 ARB

422 (18.7 %)

3851 (16.6 %)

<0.02

 NSAIDS

821 (36.36 %)

8619 (37.05 %)

0.5312

 Lipid Lowering Drugs

1539 (68.16 %)

15233 (65.48 %)

<0.02

 Diuretics

1750 (77.50 %)

13654 (58.69 %)

<0.0001

 ACE Inhibitors or NSAIDS or Diuretics

2052 (90.88 %)

19111 (82.15 %)

<0.0001

 ARB or ACE Inhibitors or NSAIDS or Diuretics

2076 (91.94 %)

19580 (84.17 %)

<0.0001

 K Sparing

284 (12.58 %)

1786 (7.68 %)

<0.0001

 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

241 (10.67 %)

1986 (8.54 %)

<0.001

 Radiocontrast Dyes

1536 (68.02 %)

14229 (61.17 %)

<0.0001

 Cisplatin

31 (1.37 %)

267 (1.15 %)

0.3963

 Acyclovir

119 (5.27 %)

1170 (5.03 %)

0.6539

Comorbidities

 Prior AKI

378 (16.74 %)

1470 (6.32 %)

<0.0001

 Diabetes

223 (9.88 %)

1410 (6.06 %)

<0.0001

 Hyperlipidemia

392 (17.36 %)

3127 (13.44 %)

<0.0001

 Hypercalcemia

32 (1.417 %)

222 (0.95 %)

<0.05

 Thrombocytopenia

103 (4.56 %)

567 (2.43 %)

<0.0001

 Hypertension

453 (20.06 %)

3518 (15.12 %)

<0.0001

 Heart Failure

272 (12.05 %)

1442 (6.20 %)

<0.0001

 Coronary Artery Disease

250 (11.07 %)

1670 (7.18 %)

<0.0001

 Disorders of Lipoid Metabolism

134 (5.93 %)

1413 (6.07 %)

0.8265

 Pancreatitis

51 (2.26 %)

342 (1.47 %)

<0.005

 Rhabdomyolysis

19 (0.84 %)

164 (0.70 %)

0.5464

 Congestive Heart Failure

272 (12.04 %)

1442 (6.20 %)

<0.0001

 Sepsis

230 (10.19 %)

1324 (5.69 %)

<0.0001

 Respiratory Failure

363 (16.08 %)

1271 (5.46 %)

<0.0001