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Table 6 Differences between DDE and our CDE semantic relationships

From: Composite CDE: modeling composite relationships between common data elements for representing complex clinical data

CDE Semantic Type

Characteristic

Difference from a DDE

aCDE

Hybrid

Allowing the entry of multiple data types in a hybrid aCDE requires aCDEs that support different data types for the same data item

A DDE does not support the entry of multiple types of data

Variable

Connecting to an outside dictionary database

No dictionary-associated constraint in a DDE

cCDE

General

Containing a set of aCDEs

Do not have output DE(s), but a DDE can be a cCDE

Repeated

Allowing sequential data entry into a repeated cCDE

No repeated property in a DDE

Dictionary

Bringing biomedical knowledge from an outside dictionary database to a dictionary cCDE containing a variable aCDE as a foreign key to the dictionary table with the repeated property

No dictionary connection allowed for a DDE

Constraint

Operated

Allowing mathematical/algebraic expressions between related aCDEs

A DDE has this constraint with the a CALCULATION type

Required

Forcing aCDE to have a value other than null

No required constraint in a DDE

Dependent

Dynamic enabling and disabling of an aCDE via a predicate

No dependent constraint in a DDE

Ordered

Ordering a set of aCDEs

A DDE has this constraint by default

  1. a CALCULATION type in DDE only covers arithmetic operators (i.e., +, āˆ’, *, /) but, the operated constraints include not only arithmetic operators but also logical operators (i.e., <, >)