Development of a data-driven COVID-19 prognostication tool to inform triage and step-down care for hospitalised patients in Hong Kong: a population-based cohort study

Table 2 Laboratory readings on Day 1 and Day 5 of admission among 1037 COVID-19 confirmed cases as of 30 April 2020

	On Day 1 of admission						p value
	Critical/serious (n = 50)		Stable (n = 485)		Satisfactory (n = 502)
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Laboratory readings
CT value^#	47	24.29 ± 6.05	436	25.10 ± 7.05	474	27.17 ± 7.79	0.0001
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	45	101.71 ± 93.66	403	10.81 ± 23.42	440	7.98 ± 19.84	< 0.0001
Albumin (g/L)	50	34.34 ± 6.72	474	41.96 ± 4.58	483	41.57 ± 4.87	< 0.0001
Globulin (g/L)	48	35.71 ± 6.76	446	32.65 ± 5.11	416	32.71 ± 4.97	0.0054
Albumin-globulin ratio	48	1.01 ± 0.30	446	1.33 ± 0.30	416	1.33 ± 0.30	< 0.0001
Total protein (g/L)	50	70.40 ± 6.86	474	74.98 ± 5.37	482	74.97 ± 5.36	< 0.0001
Neutrophil count (10⁹/L)	48	5.12 ± 3.61	466	3.46 ± 1.60	470	3.57 ± 1.69	0.0004
Lymphocyte count (10⁹/L)	48	0.93 ± 0.36	466	1.53 ± 0.75	470	1.53 ± 0.59	< 0.0001
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio	48	6.43 ± 4.75	466	2.72 ± 1.90	470	2.65 ± 1.62	< 0.0001
White blood cell count (10⁹/L)	50	6.54 ± 3.62	473	5.61 ± 1.93	484	5.70 ± 1.98	0.1906
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	50	10.72 ± 5.13	474	9.20 ± 5.96	482	9.18 ± 5.83	0.0130
Potassium (mmol/L)	50	3.78 ± 0.48	474	3.88 ± 0.38	480	3.89 ± 0.37	0.1846
Creatinine (as times of upper normal reference)	50	0.83 ± 0.35	474	0.77 ± 0.14	481	0.75 ± 0.12	0.1474
LDH	44	1.59 ± 0.68	435	0.84 ± 0.25	464	0.85 ± 0.23	< 0.0001
ALP	50	0.58 ± 0.29	474	0.57 ± 0.23	483	0.58 ± 0.19	0.1511
ALT	50	0.92 ± 0.64	474	0.61 ± 0.48	482	0.63 ± 0.51	< 0.0001
Platelet	50	0.54 ± 0.19	470	0.58 ± 0.20	483	0.60 ± 0.19	0.0094
MPV	48	0.88 ± 0.10	393	0.87 ± 0.15	429	0.88 ± 0.12	0.9139

	On Day 5 of admission						p value
	Critical /serious (n = 50)		Stable (n = 485)		Satisfactory (n = 502)
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Laboratory readings
CT value^#	47	25.27 ± 6.43	464	27.69 ± 7.80	496	29.50 ± 7.68	< 0.0001
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	50	104.10 ± 98.75	458	11.60 ± 23.90	466	7.99 ± 17.79	< 0.0001
Albumin (g/L)	50	29.26 ± 6.94	478	40.94 ± 5.05	489	40.40 ± 5.02	< 0.0001
Globulin (g/L)	48	37.03 ± 5.82	453	33.34 ± 5.21	426	33.06 ± 5.12	< 0.0001
Albumin-globulin ratio	48	0.83 ± 0.28	453	1.27 ± 0.30	426	1.28 ± 0.31	< 0.0001
Total protein (g/L)	50	66.55 ± 6.27	478	74.55 ± 5.40	489	74.03 ± 5.05	< 0.0001
Neutrophil count (10⁹/L)	50	5.97 ± 3.23	477	3.22 ± 1.51	487	3.21 ± 1.35	< 0.0001
Lymphocyte count (10⁹/L)	50	0.85 ± 0.47	477	1.65 ± 0.72	487	1.65 ± 0.57	< 0.0001
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio	50	8.63 ± 6.02	477	2.31 ± 1.90	487	2.19 ± 1.37	< 0.0001
White blood cell count (10⁹/L)	50	7.39 ± 3.50	478	5.49 ± 1.85	489	5.50 ± 1.65	0.0005
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	50	24.54 ± 20.53	478	15.98 ± 10.75	489	14.06 ± 9.30	< 0.0001
Potassium (mmol/L)	50	3.69 ± 0.42	478	3.82 ± 0.38	488	3.86 ± 0.40	0.0182
Creatinine (as times of upper normal reference)	50	0.86 ± 0.46	478	0.81 ± 0.18	489	0.78 ± 0.15	0.0231
LDH	50	1.65 ± 0.67	473	0.83 ± 0.27	484	0.83 ± 0.25	< 0.0001
ALP	50	0.57 ± 0.29	478	0.56 ± 0.23	489	0.56 ± 0.18	0.2098
ALT	50	0.94 ± 0.65	478	0.58 ± 0.48	489	0.61 ± 0.75	< 0.0001
Platelet	50	0.67 ± 0.28	475	0.62 ± 0.23	488	0.63 ± 0.21	0.6444
MPV	48	0.87 ± 0.11	401	0.86 ± 0.15	434	0.87 ± 0.12	0.6910

LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, MPV mean platelet volume
^#CT value is set to 40 if PCR test is "not detected"

ISSN: 1472-6947