From: Hospital acquired pressure injury prediction in surgical critical care patients
Variable | All patients | Patients with no HAPrI n = 4768 | Patients with a HAPrI n = 333 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | ||||
Age in years, M (SD) | 57.8 (17%) | 58 (17%) | 58 (15%) | p = .74 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 3302 (65%) | 3086 (65%) | 216 (65%) | p = 1.0 |
Race, White, n (%) | 4256 (83%) | 3988 (84%) | 268 (81%) | p = .13 |
Ethnicity, non-Hispanic, n (%) | 4452 (87%) | 4166 (87) | 286 (86%) | p = .54 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Serum lactate (mg/dL), M (SD) | 4.0 (3.7) | 3.9 (3.6) | 5.9 (5.0) | p < .001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), M (SD) | 1.9 (1.9) | 1.8 (1.9) | 2.8 (2.1) | p < .001 |
Serum glucose (mg/dL), M (SD) | 231 (148) | 228 (143) | 285 (200) | p < .001 |
Hemoglobin (mg/dL), M (SD) | 9.0 (2.6) | 9.1 (2.6) | 7.6 (2.2) | p < .001 |
Serum albumin (mg/dL), M (SD) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.6) | p < .001 |
Arterial PaO2 (mmHg), M (SD) | 54 (40) | 55 (40) | 46 (31) | p < .001 |
Arterial pH, M (SD) | 7.27 (0.11) | 7.27 (0.10) | 7.22 (0.13) | p < .001 |
Nursing skin-assessment data | ||||
Thin epidermis, n (%) | 882 (18%) | 801 (17%) | 81 (24%) | p = .001 |
Skin tear, n (%) | 641 (13%) | 548 (11%) | 93 (28%) | p < .001 |
Community-acquired pressure injury, n (%) | 168 (3%) | 138 (2.9%) | 30 (9%) | p < .001 |
Surgical time | ||||
Longest surgery, minutes, M (SD) | 181 (156) | 179 (152) | 204 (197) | p < .001 |
Vasopressor infusions | ||||
Vasopressin dose (units/min), M (SD) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | p < .001 |
Norepinephrine dose (mcg/kg/min), M (SD) | 0.06 (0.42) | 0.05 (0.29) | 0.25 (1.18) | p < .001 |
Norepinephrine (yes/no), n (%) | 1154 (23%) | 982 (21%) | 172 (52%) | p < .001 |
Epinephrine (yes/no), n (%) | 1490 (29%) | 1352 (28%) | 138 (41%) | p < .001 |
Phenylephrine (yes/no), n (%) | 190 (4%) | 173 (4%) | 17 (5%) | p = .22 |
Dopamine (yes/no), n (%) | 205 (4%) | 186 (4%) | 19 (5%) | p = .14 |
Vasopressin (yes/no), n (%) | 1757 (34%) | 1586 (33%) | 171 (51%) | p < .001 |
Other potential predictors | ||||
MEWS score, M (SD) | 4.3 (1.9) | 4.1 (2.0) | 6.2 (1.9) | p < .001 |
GCS, M (SD) | 9.2 (4.8) | 9.3 (4.7) | 6.8 (4.6) | p < .001 |
Fluid status (liters), M (SD) | 2.3 (2.1) | 2.2 (2.0) | 3.7 (2.6) | p < .001 |
Length of ICU stay prior to HAPrI (days), M (SD) | 5 (7) | 4.6 (6.2) | 13 (9.9) | p < .001 |
Riker score, M (SD) | 2.8 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | p < .001 |
BMI (kg/m2), M (SD) | 30.1 (12.4) | 30.1 (12.5) | 30.7 (11.0) | p = .36 |
Braden Scale scores | ||||
Braden Scale total score, M (SD) | 13 (3) | 13 (3) | 11 (3) | p < .001 |
Braden Mobility subscale, M (SD) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.7) | p < .001 |
Braden Friction subscale, M (SD) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.6) | p < .001 |