Level | Description of level | Level specific focus criteria (from literature reviews) | Key references |
---|---|---|---|
Platform owner | The owner and designer of the platform. The firm manages the platform and its boundary resources. Typically responsible for the governance of the ecosystem. | Platform design, platform and ecosystem management, value creation, platform architecture, evolution, competition, openness, control, entry barriers, governance | |
Developer | The developers of the software products, services or technologies (applications) using the platform. They can be within the platform owner firm (internal platform) or third-party companies (external platform). | Boundary resources and usability, accessibility, entry barriers, ability to innovate | |
End user | The end users of the products, services or technologies (applications) developed using the platform. | Usability, accessibility, cost | |
Ecosystem | The platform ecosystem comprises the platform owner (including the platform), developers and end-users. It is formed around the central platform. | Health, value co-creation, governance, evolution, control, entry barriers |