From: Monitoring stance towards vaccination in twitter messages
Category type | Category | Definition | Example tweet (translated from Dutch) |
---|---|---|---|
Relevance | Relevant | If the message is about (information about) human vaccination or expresses an opinion about human vaccination. | "By the way I do not accuse people who are against vaccination. It is just that they should not imply that the measles are so harmless." |
 | Relevant abroad | If the message is relevant and is about an event related to vaccination or an outbreak of vaccine preventable disease that happens abroad. | "Have you seen the Danish detective on chronic fatigue after HPV-vaccination?" |
 | Irrelevant | If the message is not about human vaccination. | "Lethal virus has been fatal to at least twelve rabbits in Hellevoetsluis. Veterinarians sound the alarm: get inoculation #ADRD #VoornePutten" |
Subject | Vaccine | If the message contains an expression about the vaccine. | "Rutte: pastors please encourage inoculation measles" |
 | Disease | If the message contains an expression about the disease. | "I am not happy. I have the chickenpox, which is not in the governmental vaccination program." |
 | Vaccine and disease | If the message contains an expression about both the vaccine and disease. | "I think the whooping-cough disease is rather significant, too bad the vaccine does not have much effect." |
Stance | Positive | If one is positive with regard to vaccination and/or believes the vaccine preventable disease is severe. | "To inoculate against the measles is at least better than not inoculating. The reformed church is also divided about this." |
 | Negative | If one is negative towards vaccination and/or believes the vaccine preventable disease is not severe. | "Did you ever check the number of casualties as a result of vaccination? Now those are really in vain. One does not die from #measles" |
 | Neutral | If one takes a neutral stance towards vaccination and if one only wants to inform others. | "[anonymized name] : inoculating at home #measles at #refo’s" |
 | Not clear | If from the message it is not clear whether one is positive or negative, if both polarities are present, or if the message is about a related topic such as information about vaccination. | "Facts and opinions related to #HPV vaccination: why is it almost impossible to find them on the website of #RIVM?" |
Sentiment | Informative | If one wants to inform others. | "GGGD_Utrecht: Today the GG&GD will start vaccinating all 9-year olds against DTP and BMR. This applies to 3395 kids in Utrecht!" |
 | Anger, frustration | If one is angry about people who vaccinate or do not vaccinate. | "Measles epidemic in the #biblebelt. Incomprehensible that the love for God can be greater than the love for one’s own child." |
 | Worry, fear, doubts | If one is worried about side-effects of the vaccine or about the severity of the disease; if one has doubts to vaccinate. | "I will watch zorg.nu in a bit. This time I am doubtful once more as to whether I should have my youngest daughter inoculated against cervical cancer." |
 | Relieved | If one is relieved that the vaccination has been administered or that he/she recovered from the disease. | "I am happy that the vaccination is over with." |
 | Other | If one expresses another sentiment than those mentioned above, such as humor, sarcasm (see example), personal experience, question raised, or minimized risks. | "What a genius idea of the doctor to vaccinate me for yellow fever, polio, meningitis, and hepatitis A, all in once! Bye bye weekend.. " |