Effects of a shared decision making intervention for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: the DICO study

Table 3 Participant reported outcomes

	Patients pre-intervention	Patients post-intervention	p value	Caregivers pre-intervention	Caregivers post-intervention	p value
	Usual care patients (N^a = 105)	Intervention patients (N^a = 108)	p value	Usual care informal caregivers (N^a = 68)	Intervention informal caregivers (N^a = 65)	p value
Preferred role in the decision making process (CPS) n (%)^b			.63			.41
Active role	48 (48.5)	56 (51.9)		4 (6)	(1.6)
Collaborative role	41 (41.4)	45 (41.7)		47 (7.1)	42 (67.7)
Passive role	10 (1.1)	7 (6.5)		16 (23.8)	19 (3.6)
Perceived role in the decision making process (CPS) n (%)^b			.91			1.0
Active role	41 (52.5)	47 (53.4)		3 (5.4)	2 (4)
Collaborative role	26 (33.3)	27 (3.7)		30 (54.5)	27 (54)
Passive role	11 (14.1)	14 (15.9)		22 (40)	21 (42)
Match preferred and perceived role in the decision making process (Match CPS) n (%)^c	45 (57.7)	43 (48.9)	.26	34 (50)	35 (54)	.23
Preferred involvement in care; PICS) mean (SD)^d	6.6 (1.8)	6.3 (1.9)	.30	6.9 (1.5)	6.6 (2.1)	.07
Perceived involvement in care (PICS) mean (SD)^d	5.2 (2.8)	5.6 (3.6)	.66	5.3 (2.5)	5.6 (3.6)	.15
Match preferred and perceived involvement in care (Match PICS) n (%)^e	44 (59.5)	46 (57.5)	81	29 (59.2)	23 (57.5)	.87
Level of perceived SDM (CollaboRATE) n (%)^f	44 (56.4)	37 (43.0)	.09	23 (41.1)	19 (38.0)	.75
Decisional conflict (DCS) mean (SD)^g	23.3 (2.9)	24.1 (19.7)	.85	22.9 (2.7)	21.5 (17.1)	.40

SD Standard deviation
^an varies due to missing data
^bDecision roles: Adapted Control Preference Scale (CPS) with seven response statements, which are divided among three categories: (1) an active role (patient- and/or informal caregiver-controlled), (2) a passive role (practitioner-controlled), and (3) a shared role (collaborative)
^cMatch between preferred and perceived role in the decision making process: Match CPS: participants who had identical scores on the preferred and perceived roles were categorized as having matched preferences
^dPICS: Patients’ Perceived Involvement in Care Scale (score range 0–8) higher scores indicating a higher preferred resp. perceived participation during the decision making process
^eMatch between preferred and perceived involvement in care: PICS Match: participants with discrepancy scores between − 2 and 2 were categorized as having matched preferences
^fSDM: CollaboRATE % patients that have a top score, a higher % indicates a higher level of SDM
^gDecisional Conflict: DCS: (score 0–100) a higher score indicates a higher level of decisional conflict

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