Fig. 1From: Negation recognition in clinical natural language processing using a combination of the NegEx algorithm and a convolutional neural networkNegation recognition pipeline. A customized rule-based NegEx layer was placed before the CNN binary classifier. Any cNE classified as ‘affirmative’ serves as input to the CNN which makes the final decision about whether the cNE is really ‘affirmative’ or should be classified as ‘non-affirmative’Back to article page