Table 2 Evaluation metrics in an unseen and independently gathered dataset. To calculate internal evaluation metrics during development, we applied the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) binary classifier solely or in combination with the customized rules-based NegEx layer (NegEx + CNN) to an unseen and independently gathered dataset composed of 6,710 manually annotated cNE (5,280 ‘affirmative’ vs 1,430 ‘non-affirmative’)

From: Negation recognition in clinical natural language processing using a combination of the NegEx algorithm and a convolutional neural network