Table 1 Characteristics of candidate predictors for the best XGB after error analysis

Demographics

Age at admission

year

66.0 (23.0)

66.0 (23.0)

65.0 (22.0)

66.0 (23.0)

Gender-N(%)

-

Female

17,608 (55.75%)

14,051 (55.61%)

2,874 (56.87%)

3,557 (56.3%)

Male

13,978 (44.25%)

11,217 (44.39%)

2,180 (43.13%)

2,761 (43.7%)

Ethnicity-N(%)

-

White

9,706 (30.73%)

7,779 (30.79%)

1,528 (30.23%)

1,927 (30.5%)

African-American

2,432 (7.7%)

1,948 (7.71%)

360 (7.12%)

484 (7.66%)

Hispanic-Latino

1,059 (3.35%)

829 (3.28%)

181 (3.58%)

230 (3.64%)

Asian

943 (2.99%)

752 (2.98%)

147 (2.91%)

191 (3.02%)

Other

5,272 (16.69%)

4,250 (16.82%)

840 (16.62%)

1,022 (16.18%)

Labs and vital signs

Prothrombin time

second

13.9 (3.6)

13.9 (3.7)

14.0 (3.7)

13.9 (3.5)

Anion gap max

mEq/L

14.0 (5.0)

14.0 (5.0)

14.0 (5.0)

14.0 (5.0)

Anion gap min

mEq/L

12.0 (4.0)

12.0 (4.0)

12.0 (4.0)

12.0 (4.0)

Bicarbonate max

mEq/L

25.0 (4.0)

25.0 (4.0)

25.0 (4.0)

25.0 (4.0)

Bicarbonate min

mEq/L

23.0 (4.0)

23.0 (4.0)

23.0 (4.0)

23.0 (4.0)

Blood urine nitrogen min

mg/dL

14.0 (9.0)

14.0 (9.0)

14.0 (10.0)

14.0 (9.0)

Calcium max

mg/dL

8.6 (0.9)

8.6 (0.9)

8.6 (0.9)

8.6 (0.9)

Calcium min

mg/dL

8.3 (0.9)

8.3 (0.9)

8.3 (0.9)

8.3 (0.9)

Chloride max

mEq/L

106.0 (6.0)

106.0 (6.0)

106.0 (6.0)

106.0 (6.0)

Creatinine max

mg/dL

0.8 (0.3)

0.8 (0.3)

0.8 (0.3)

0.8 (0.2)

Creatinine min

mg/dL

0.7 (0.3)

0.7 (0.3)

0.7 (0.3)

0.7 (0.3)

Diastolic blood pressure max

mmHg

85.0 (23.0)

85.0 (24.0)

85.0 (23.0)

85.0 (23.0)

eGFR

ml/min/1.73 m2

83.0 (34.0)

83.0 (34.0)

84.0 (33.0)

83.0 (33.0)

Heart rate max

bpm

99.0 (25.0)

99.0 (25.0)

99.0 (24.25)

99.0 (25.0)

Hematocrit min

%

31.4 (9.6)

31.4 (9.5)

31.4 (9.3)

31.5 (9.4)

Hemoglobin min

g/dL

10.5 (3.2)

10.5 (3.2)

10.5 (3.0)

10.6 (3.2)

Hemoglobin max

g/dL

11.7 (2.9)

11.7 (2.9)

11.7 (2.8)

11.8 (2.9)

Oxygen saturation (Spo2) max

%

100.0 (1.0)

100.0 (1.0)

100.0 (1.0)

100.0 (1.0)

Oxygen saturation (Spo2) min

%

93.0 (4.0)

93.0 (4.0)

93.0 (4.0)

93.0 (4.0)

Platelets min

K/uL

180.0 (108.0)

180.0 (108.0)

179.0 (108.0)

179.0 (106.0)

Potassium max

mEq/L

4.3 (0.6)

4.3 (0.6)

4.3 (0.6)

4.3 (0.6)

Respiratory rate max

inspirations/min

26.0 (7.0)

26.0 (7.0)

26.0 (7.0)

26.0 (7.0)

Sodium max

mEq/L

140.0 (5.0)

140.0 (5.0)

140.0 (5.0)

140.0 (5.0)

Systolic blood pressure max

mmHg

146.0 (27.0)

146.0 (27.0)

146.0 (28.0)

146.0 (27.0)

Temperature max

Celsius

37.22 (0.73)

37.22 (0.73)

37.22 (0.73)

37.22 (0.73)

Urine output

ml

200.0 (250.0)

200.0 (250.0)

200.0 (250.0)

200.0 (250.0)

Weight max

kg

80.0 (28.0)

79.8 (27.9)

79.6 (27.8)

80.1 (27.97)

White blood count max

K/uL

12.1 (7.4)

12.1 (7.4)

12.1 (7.4)

12.1 (7.45)

White blood count min

K/uL

9.2 (5.3)

9.2 (5.3)

9.2 (5.4)

9.2 (5.3)

Past medical history

Obesity -N(%)

-

No(0)

29,468 (93.29%)

23,558 (93.23%)

4,730 (93.59%)

5,910 (93.54%)

Yes(1)

2,118 (6.71%)

1,710 (6.77%)

324 (6.41%)

408 (6.46%)

Mild liver disease -N(%)

-

No(0)

28,979 (91.75%)

23,184 (91.75%)

4,624 (91.49%)

5,795 (91.72%)

Yes(1)

2,607 (8.25%)

2,084 (8.25%)

430 (8.51%)

523 (8.28%)

Supplemental Oxygen -N(%)

-

No(0)

18,110 (57.34%)

14,437 (57.14%)

2,895 (57.28%)

3,673 (58.14%)

Yes(1)

13,476 (42.66%)

1,0831 (42.86%)

2,159 (42.72%)

2,645 (41.86%)

Sepsis -N(%)

-

No(0)

28,767 (91.08%)

23,000 (91.02%)

4,596 (90.94%)

5,767 (91.28%)

Yes(1)

2,819 (8.92%)

2,268 (8.98%)

458 (9.06%)

551 (8.72%)

Peripheral vascular disease-N(%)

-

No(0)

28,351 (89.76%)

2,2679 (89.75%)

4,523(89.49%)

5,672 (89.78%)

Yes(1)

3,235 (10.24%)

2,589 (10.25%)

531(10.51%)

646 (10.22%)

Chronic heart failure-N(%)

-

No(0)

27,777 (87.94%)

2,2241 (88.02%)

4,436 (87.77%)

5,536 (87.62%)

Yes(1)

3,809 (12.06%)

3,027 (11.98%)

618 (12.23%)

782 (12.38%)

Chronic kidney disease-N(%)

-

No(0)

28,596 (90.53%)

22,830 (90.35%)

4,579 (90.6%)

5,766 (91.26%)

Yes(1)

2,990 (9.47%)

2,438 (9.65%)

475 (9.4%)

552 (8.74%)

Cyclosporine-N(%)

-

No(0)

31,566 (99.94%)

25,253 (99.94%)

5,053 (99.98%)

6,313 (99.92%)

Yes(1)

20 (0.06%)

15 (0.06%)

1 (0.02%)

5 (0.08%)

Hypertension-N(%)

No(0)

-

16,155 (51.15%)

12,934 (51.19%)

2,601(51.46%)

3,221 (50.98%)

Yes(1)

15,431 (48.85%)

12,334 (48.81%)

2,453 (48.54%)

3,097 (49.02%)

Severe liver disease-N(%)

-

No(0)

30,545 (96.7%)

24,420 (96.64%)

4,879 (96.54%)

6,125 (96.95%)

Yes(1)

1,041 (3.3%)

848 (3.36%)

175 (3.46%)

193 (3.05%)

Myocardial infarction-N(%)

-

No(0)

26,777 (84.77%)

21,432 (84.82%)

4,333 (85.73%)

5,345 (84.6%)

Yes(1)

4,809 (15.23%)

3,836 (15.18%)

721 (14.27%)

973 (15.4%)

Tracheostomy-N(%)

-

No(0)

31,499 (99.72%)

25,207 (99.76%)

5,044 (99.8%)

6,292 (99.59%)

Yes(1)

87 (0.28%)

61 (0.24%)

10 (0.2%)

26 (0.41%)

Congestive heart failure-N(%)

-

No(0)

25,137 (79.58%)

20,139 (79.7%)

4,042 (79.98%)

4,998 (79.11%)

Yes(1)

6,449 (20.42%)

5,129 (20.3%)

1,012 (20.02%)

1,320 (20.89%)

Invasive ventilation-N(%)

-

No(0)

22,236 (70.4%)

17,755 (70.27%)

3,544 (70.12%)

4,481 (70.92%)

Yes(1)

9,350 (29.6%)

7,513 (29.73%)

1,510 (29.88%)

1,837 (29.08%)

Diabetes Type2-N(%)

-

No(0)

23,896 (75.65%)

19,140 (75.75%)

3,893 (77.02)

4,756 (75.28%)

Yes(1)

7,690 (24.35%)

6,128 (24.25%)

1,161 (22.97%)

1,562 (24.72%)

Chronic pulmonary disease-N(%)

-

No(0)

24,177 (76.54%)

19,321 (76.46%)

3,861 (76.39%)

4,856 (76.86%)

Yes(1)

7,409 (23.46%)

5,947 (23.54%)

1,193 (23.61%)

1,462 (23.14%)

Outcome

AKI cases – N(%)

-

5,473 (17.32%)

3,502 (17.32%)

876 (17.33%)

1,095 (17.33%)