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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without complications

From: Machine learning-based risk models for procedural complications of radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

 

Variables

Total (N = 3365)

Without complications (N = 3303)

With complications (N = 62)

P-value

Demographic

Gender

   

0.626

Male

2108 (62.6)

2071 (62.7)

37 (59.7)

 

Female

1257 (37.4)

1232 (37.3)

25 (40.3)

 

Age Median (IQR)

66 (59,72)

66 (59,72)

71 (64.5,77)

 < 0.001

Height, cm Median (IQR)

168 (160,172)

168 (160,172)

165 (158,170)

0.043

Weight, kg Median (IQR)

70 (60,76)

70 (60,76)

65.6 (58.5,72.8)

0.02

BMI, kg/m2 Median (IQR)

24.7 (22.8,26.8)

24.7 (22.8,26.8)

24 (22.4,25.9)

0.076

Signs and symptoms at presentation

AF_category n (%)

   

0.293

Paroxysmal AF

1512 (48.9)

1492 (49.1)

20 (38.5)

Persistent AF

1365 (44.2)

1338 (44)

27 (51.9)

Chronic AF

214 (6.9)

209 (6.9)

5 (9.6)

HR, bpm Median (IQR)

77 (70,83)

77 (70,83)

74 (68,80)

0.088

DBP, mmHg Median (IQR)

86 (78,95)

86 (78,95)

82 (73.8,90)

0.01

SBP, mmHg Median (IQR)

137 (123,150)

137 (123,150)

138 (126.2,147.8)

0.696

HAS_BLED score Median (IQR)

1 (1,2)

1 (1,2)

2 (1,3)

0.002

CHA_2DS_2-VACS score Median (IQR)

2 (1,3)

2 (1,3)

3 (2,4)

 < 0.001

Echocardiography

LVESD Median (IQR)

29 (27,32)

29 (27,32)

29 (27,30.8)

0.335

LVEDD Median (IQR)

48 (45,51)

48 (45,51)

47 (44,50)

0.112

LAD, mm Median (IQR)

42 (37,46)

42 (37,46)

41 (37,46)

0.837

LVEF Median (IQR)

64 (61,66)

64 (61,66)

63 (60,66)

0.215

Preoperative laboratory values

TSH, mIU/L Median (IQR)

1.8 (1.2,2.7)

1.8 (1.2,2.7)

1.7 (1.1,2.4)

0.597

FBG, g/L Median (IQR)

2.7 (2.3,3.1)

2.7 (2.3,3.1)

2.9 (2.3,3.1)

0.355

UA, μmol/L Median (IQR)

358 (299,424)

357 (299,423)

398 (316,462)

0.065

TT, s Median (IQR)

18.6 (17.6,20)

18.6 (17.6,20)

18.2 (17.2,20)

0.273

PTINR Median (IQR)

1 (1,1.2)

1 (1,1.2)

1.1 (1,1.2)

0.159

CREA,μmol/L Median (IQR)

75 (65,87)

75 (64,87)

80 (71,95)

0.021

Ccr, ml/(min × 1.73m2) Median (IQR)

78.6 (63.9,96.6)

78.9 (64.4,96.7)

61.9 (50.2,90.5)

 < 0.001

DD, mg/L Median (IQR)

0.2 (0.2,0.4)

0.2 (0.2,0.4)

0.3 (0.2,0.6)

0.002

TnI, ng/mL Median (IQR)

0.00 (0.00,0.01)

0.00 (0.00,0.01)

0.01 (0.00,0.02)

 < 0.001

LDH, U/L Median (IQR)

202 (179,232)

202 (179,231)

215 (187,257)

0.036

AST, U/L Median (IQR)

23 (20,29)

23 (20,29)

25 (20,37)

0.092

ALB, g/L Median (IQR)

42 (41,44)

42.5 (41,44)

41 (38,44)

0.014

GLU, mmol/L Median (IQR)

5.9 (5.1,7.3)

5.9 (5.1,7.3)

6.1 (5.2,7.7)

0.257

CK, U/L Median (IQR)

91 (69,126)

91 (69,126)

88 (69,125)

0.841

NT-pro-BNP, ng/L Median (IQR)

477 (160,1040)

474.5 (159,1027.5)

749 (282,1735)

0.009

Preoperative drug

Aspirin n (%)

78 (2.3)

76 (2.3)

2 (3.2)

0.632

Clopidogrel n (%)

83 (2.5)

80 (2.4)

3 (4.8)

0.224

Other antiplatelet agents n (%)

21 (0.6)

21 (0.6)

0 (0)

0.529

Antiplatelet agents n (%)

133 (4)

129 (3.9)

4 (6.5)

0.308

Warfarin n (%)

45 (1.3)

44 (1.3)

1 (1.6)

0.849

Dabigatran n (%)

194 (5.8)

194 (5.9)

0 (0)

0.049

Rivaroxaban n (%)

633 (18.8)

616 (18.6)

17 (27.4)

0.08

Heparin n (%)

2542 (75.5)

2497 (75.6)

45 (72.6)

0.584

Anticoagulants n (%)

2673 (79.4)

2623 (79.4)

50 (80.6)

0.812

Statins n (%)

1046 (31.1)

1017 (30.8)

29 (46.8)

0.007

ACEI/ARB n (%)

578 (17.2)

565 (17.1)

13 (21)

0.424

β blocker n (%)

786 (23.4)

766 (23.2)

20 (32.3)

0.095

Diuretics n (%)

1004 (29.8)

981 (29.7)

23 (37.1)

0.207

CCB n (%)

604 (17.9)

587 (17.8)

17 (27.4)

0.05

Antihypertensive agents n (%)

1749 (52)

1711 (51.8)

38 (61.3)

0.138

Medical history

Angina n (%)

10 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

0 (0)

0.664

Heart failure n (%)

17 (0.5)

17 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.571

Stroke n (%)

419 (12.5)

408 (12.4)

11 (17.7)

0.203

PAD n (%)

202 (6)

196 (5.9)

6 (9.7)

0.219

COPD n (%)

75 (2.2)

74 (2.2)

1 (1.6)

0.74

Hypertension n (%)

1781 (52.9)

1742 (52.7)

39 (62.9)

0.112

Diabetes n (%)

528 (15.7)

515 (15.6)

13 (21)

0.249

Hyperlipidemia n (%)

87 (2.6)

85 (2.6)

2 (3.2)

0.748

MI n (%)

26 (0.8)

26 (0.8)

0 (0)

0.483

CHD n (%)

410 (12.2)

399 (12.1)

11 (17.7)

0.177

CKD n (%)

83 (2.5)

80 (2.4)

3 (4.8)

0.224

Prior RFA n (%)

998 (29.7)

979 (29.6)

19 (30.6)

0.864

Prior PCI n (%)

160 (4.8)

155 (4.7)

5 (8.1)

0.216

Prior CABG n (%)

17 (0.5)

17 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.571

  1. Abbreviations ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ALB Albumin, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, AST Aspartate transaminase, BMI Body mass index, CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting, CCB Calcium channel blocker, Ccr Creatinine clearance rate, CHD Coronary heart disease, CK Creatine kinase, CKD Chronic kidney disease, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CREA Creatinine, DD D-dimer, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FBG Fibrinogen, GLU Glucose, HR Heart rate, LAD Left atrial diameter, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDD Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVESD Left ventricular end systolic diameter, MI Myocardial infarction, NT-pro-BNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PAD Peripheral artery disease, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, PTINR International normalized ratio, RFA Radiofrequency ablation, SBP Systolic blood pressure, TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone, TnI Troponin I, TT Thrombin time, UA Uric acid
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