Table 3 The evaluation metrics with 95% confidence intervals for each model using 20-round fivefold cross-validation
outcomes | Model | AUCa (95% CI) | Accuracy (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | F score (95% CI) | Brier score (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any complications | LRb | 0.650(0.645,0.655) | 0.858(0.855,0.860) | 0.352(0.339,0.366) | 0.867(0.865,0.870) | 0.084(0.081,0.087) | 0.142(0.140,0.145) |
DTc | 0.627(0.613,0.641) | 0.599(0.584,0.615) | 0.615(0.589,0.642) | 0.599(0.584,0.615) | 0.054(0.051,0.056) | 0.401(0.385,0.416) | |
RFd | 0.721(0.713,0.729) | 0.834(0.832,0.836) | 0.460(0.446,0.475) | 0.841(0.838,0.843) | 0.092(0.090,0.095) | 0.166(0.164,0.168) | |
GBMe | 0.688(0.679,0.697) | 0.929(0.927,0.930) | 0.239(0.225,0.252) | 0.942(0.940,0.943) | 0.110(0.103,0.116) | 0.071(0.070,0.073) | |
XGBoostf | 0.707(0.701,0.712) | 0.899(0.897,0.901) | 0.327(0.315,0.340) | 0.910(0.908,0.912) | 0.107(0.103,0.111) | 0.101(0.099,0.103) | |
Cardiac effusion/tamponade | LR | 0.665(0.656,0.674) | 0.921(0.918,0.923) | 0.259(0.241,0.277) | 0.926(0.924,0.929) | 0.052(0.048,0.055) | 0.079(0.077,0.082) |
DT | 0.606(0.589,0.623) | 0.429(0.398,0.459) | 0.711(0.673,0.749) | 0.426(0.396,0.457) | 0.020(0.019,0.021) | 0.571(0.541,0.602) | |
RF | 0.662(0.647,0.677) | 0.918(0.917,0.919) | 0.295(0.281,0.308) | 0.923(0.922,0.924) | 0.056(0.054,0.059) | 0.082(0.081,0.083) | |
GBM | 0.660(0.644,0.675) | 0.945(0.944,0.946) | 0.195(0.166,0.223) | 0.951(0.950,0.952) | 0.055(0.047,0.063) | 0.055(0.054,0.056) | |
XGBoost | 0.696(0.688,0.703) | 0.681(0.671,0.692) | 0.652(0.632,0.672) | 0.682(0.671,0.692) | 0.033(0.032,0.034) | 0.319(0.308,0.329) | |
Hemorrhage/hematoma | LR | 0.745(0.737,0.752) | 0.938(0.936,0.939) | 0.207(0.190,0.225) | 0.944(0.942,0.945) | 0.051(0.046,0.055) | 0.062(0.061,0.064) |
DT | 0.649(0.630,0.668) | 0.807(0.799,0.814) | 0.470(0.429,0.512) | 0.809(0.801,0.817) | 0.037(0.035,0.040) | 0.193(0.186,0.201) | |
RF | 0.839(0.832,0.845) | 0.903(0.902,0.904) | 0.463(0.440,0.486) | 0.906(0.905,0.908) | 0.071(0.067,0.075) | 0.097(0.096,0.098) | |
GBM | 0.780(0.766,0.795) | 0.985(0.985,0.986) | 0.161(0.151,0.171) | 0.992(0.991,0.992) | 0.148(0.140,0.157) | 0.015(0.014,0.015) | |
XGBoost | 0.794(0.783,0.806) | 0.860(0.857,0.862) | 0.450(0.428,0.472) | 0.863(0.861,0.866) | 0.049(0.047,0.051) | 0.140(0.138,0.143) |