|  | Cutoff | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive predictive value | Negative predictive value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal validation group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | LightGBM | 0.0715 | 0.8027 | 0.7011 | 0.7889 | 0.3739 | 0.9790 |
 | SVM | 0.2000 | 0.7805 | 0.8197 | 0.6111 | 0.3957 | 0.9161 |
 | Softmax | 0.1192 | 0.7568 | 0.6459 | 0.7667 | 0.2918 | 0.9319 |
 | RF | 0.1754 | 0.7292 | 0.7189 | 0.6222 | 0.2995 | 0.9079 |
External validation group of QLH | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | LightGBM | 0.0916 | 0.8798 | 0.8354 | 0.8000 | 0.3025 | 0.9791 |
 | SVM | 0.1409 | 0.8819 | 0.9113 | 0.7037 | 0.4113 | 0.9718 |
 | Softmax | 0.0954 | 0.8411 | 0.8414 | 0.6791 | 0.3588 | 0.9704 |
 | RF | 0.1592 | 0.7861 | 0.8916 | 0.6000 | 0.4239 | 0.9611 |
External validation group of GHN | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | LightGBM | 0.0795 | 0.7801 | 0.7759 | 0.6909 | 0.2138 | 0.9070 |
 | SVM | 0.1331 | 0.7504 | 0.7874 | 0.6545 | 0.3302 | 0.9327 |
 | Softmax | 0.0600 | 0.6941 | 0.5776 | 0.7091 | 0.2806 | 0.9394 |
 | RF | 0.1932 | 0.6777 | 0.8649 | 0.4182 | 0.4600 | 0.9039 |