Machine learning-based models for the prediction of breast cancer recurrence risk

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with breast cancer

	All patients	DR	No DR	χ²	P
N(%)	342 (100%)	256 (74.9%)	86 (25.1%)
Age (mean ± SD, range, years)	46.65 ± 10.00 (19–77)	45.80 ± 10.10 (19–77)	49.19 ± 9.30 (28–69)	-	0.006
≤ 46	169 (49.4%)	135 (39.5%)	34 (9.9%)
> 46	173 (50.6%)	121 (35.4%)	52 (15.2%)
Primary site				0.060	0.806
Left	183 (53.5%)	136 (39.8%)	47 (13.7%)
Right	159 (46.5%)	120 (35.1%)	39 (11.4%)
Menopause				1.243	0.265
No	216 (63.2%)	166 (48.5%)	50 (14.6%)
Yes	126 (36.8%)	90 (26.3%)	36 (10.5%)
Histological type				6.967	0.008
Ductal	218 (63.7%)	153 (44.7%)	65 (19.0%)
Others	124(36.3%)	103 (30.1%)	21 (6.1%)
Tumor size				49.839	0.000
≤ 2 cm	102 (29.8%)	51 (14.9%)	51 (14.9%)
2–5 cm	151 (44.2%)	122 (35.7%)	29 (8.5%)
≥ 5 cm	83 (24.3%)	77 (22.5%)	6 (1.8%)
N stage				80.151	0.000
N0	109 (31.9%)	50 (14.6%)	59 (17.3%)
N1	77 (22.5%)	59 (17.3%)	18 (5.3%)
N2	63 (18.4%)	58 (17.0%)	5 (1.5%)
N3	93 (27.2%)	89 (26.0%)	4 (1.2%)
Grading				33.202	0.000^a
G1	15 (4.4%)	12 (3.5%)	3 (0.9%)
G2	143 (41.8%)	83 (24.3%)	60 (17.5%)
G3	163 (47.7%)	151 (44.2%)	12 (3.5%)
G4	19 (5.5%)	8 (2.3%)	11 (3.2%)
Molecular subtype				40.258	0.000^b
Luminal A	23 (6.7%)	7 (2.0%)	16 (4.7%)
Luminal B HER2-neg	149 (43.6%)	111 (32.5%)	38 (11.1%)
Luminal B HER2-pos	29 (8.5%)	25 (7.3%)	4 (1.2%)
HER2-pos	66 (19.3%)	59 (17.3%)	7 (2.0%)
Triple negative	62 (18.1%)	54 (15.8%)	8 (2.3%)
Unknown	13 (3.8%)	-	13 (3.8%)
Treatment strategy				27.071	0.000^c
Breast conserving	20 (5.8%)	6 (1.8%)	14 (4.1%)
Mastectomy	252 (73.7%)	195 (57.0%)	57 (16.7%)
Chemotherapy	64 (18.7%)	55 (16.1%)	9 (2.6%)
Unknown	6 (1.8%)	-	6 (1.8%)

Data are presented as numbers (percentages). The P value represents the result of statistical significance testing with χ² test (or by a two-tailed Student’s t-test for age) for comparison between patients with disease recurrence (DR) and without relapse (no DR)
^aχ² test performed on classified groups (G1/G2 vs. G3/G4)
^bχ² test performed on classified groups (Luminal A/ Luminal B HER2-neg/ Luminal B HER2-pos/ HER2-pos/ Triple negative)
^cχ² test performed on classified groups (breast conserving/ mastectomy/ chemotherapy). Lymph node staging (N stage) was based on the eighth edition of AJCC

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