Table 1 Participant demographics for the 24 included studies
First author and year | Participants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | N | Mean age (SD; range, year) | |
Zhou Z, 2021 | Patients with biopsy-confirmed MCL from May 2007 to October 2018. | The PET and CT slice numbers were different; either the PET or CT images could not be extracted from the picture archiving and communication system; the reference standard contour cannot be established. | 142 | Within-institution: 58 (NR; 39–84), outside-institution: 59 (NR; 40–67) |
McAvoy M, 2021 | Age ≥ 18 years old; pathology confirmed diagnoses of GBM or PCNSL that was untreated (i.e. not recurrent). | Patients with incomplete MR scans or scans with movement artifacts. | 320 | Training group: 63.9 (NR; 20–89), Testing group: 62.9 (NR; 40–83) |
Li D, 2020 | DLBCL patients from three independent hospitals. | NR | 867 | NR |
Miyoshi H, 2020 | DLBCL, FL or RL diagnosed at Kurume University from 2010 to 2017. | NR | 388 | NR |
Park JE, 2020 | Patients under 19 years of age who underwent neck US with pathologic confirmation of the lymphadenopathy from 2012 to 2018. | Disease groups with less than twenty patients and inconclusive pathologic results. | 242 | 11.2 (0.3; 1 month to 18) |
Mohlman JS, 2020 | Patients with quality preserved H&E slides of BL and DLBCL. | Other subtypes/variants such as T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma. | 70 | NR |
Achi HE, 2019 | NR | NR | 128 | NR |
Im H, 2018 | NR | NR | 40 | NR |
Guan Q, 2019 | NR | NR | 80 | NR |
Guo R, 2021 | Patients with histopathologically diagnosed ENKTL. | Patients who had undergone surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or bone marrow transplantation as well as those with other malignancies. | 167 | NR |
Xia W, 2021 | PCNSL was proven by histopathology; underwent preoperative MRI. | Patients lacking any one of the MRI sequences; the images contained serious artifacts. | 289 | 54 (13; 16–82) |
Zhang Y, 2021 | PCNSL confirmed by pathology; available cerebral MRI before diagnosis. | Patient age < 18 years; missing clinical information; receipt of hormone therapy before undergoing MRI; no data on enhanced MRI; lesions not in the cerebral parenchyma; and MR images with obvious artifact. | 92 | 53.34 (12.57; NR) |
Syrykh C, 2020 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Wang H, 2020 | Pathologically diagnosed ENKTL between January 2011 and January 2017, pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT. | NR | 110 | 45.59 (14.55; NR) |
Zhang J, 2020 | NHL confirmed by histopathology. | NR | 374 | NR |
Wang Q, 2017 | Patients having been clinically examined at the hospital where the study was conducted. | NR | 27 | NR (NR; 7–65) |
Schouten JPE, 2021 | NA | Duplicated images. | 250 | NR |
Nakagawa M, 2018 | Patients with intraparenchymal brain tumor pathologically proven as GBM or PCNSL; the contrast-enhanced MRI exam were performed within 1 month before surgery. | Patients had neither pathologically proven GBM nor PCNSL; patient performed with other type of scanner; patients without a perfusion study; poor image quality. | 70 | 69 (13; 26–88) |
Shafique S, 2018 | NR | NR | 368 | NR |
Kong Z, 2019 | Age ≥ 18 years old; underwent surgical resection or biopsy with pathology confirmed primary CNS lymphoma or GBM; had a preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan of the brain. | A history of brain tumors; suspected or confirmed peripheral lymphomas; treated with corticosteroids, radiotherapy or chemotherapy before surgery; diabetes mellitus (blood glucose ≥10 mmol/L); iatrogenic or disease-related immunosuppression. | 77 | 58.83 (12.67; NR) |
Weisman AJ, 2020 | NR | NR | 90 | Hutchings: 38 (NR; 19–66), Denmark: 37(NR; 16–76), Mylam: 61 (NR; 23–83) |
Kim Y, 2018 | Pathologically confirmed glioblastoma or PCNSL; no prior biopsy or treatment; and adequate image quality without artifacts. | Patients without pretreatment MRI, high-resolution CE-T1-weighted image, or DWI; poor image quality. | 64 | 59 (13.6; 20–80) |
Styczeń M, 2012 | NR | NR | 30 | 64.5 (14.4; 28–84) |
Guo J, 2018 | Histopathologically confirmed cases of primary OAL or IOI; patients with orbital MRI (including pre- and post-contrast studies) less than 14 days before biopsy or surgery; patients with no history of surgery or treatment in the affected orbits. | Poor image quality; orbital lesions less than 0.5 cm in short diameter; OAL secondary to systemic lymphoma; patients with IOI or OAL. | 84 | Test set: 50.55 (14.03; 5–85), validation set: 55.37 (13.36; 25–80) |
Azamossadat H, 2023 | NR | NR | 89 | NR |
Chava P, 2023 | Patients who were analyzed through FISH as part of their pathological workup | Patients with non-informative FISH results, attributed to technical issues | 55 | Entire Cohort (62; 8–84) Training set (66.5; 8–84) Validation set (60; 17–77) |
Jermphiphut J, 2023 | Patients with PCNSL or GBM who had confirmed diagnoses from tissue specimens by a pathologist between January 2010 and December 2021. | Patients were ex- cluded as follows: (1) patients with missing MRI scans; (2) patients with inadequate MRI with move- ment artifacts. | 274 | 54.1 (14.1) |
Hikaru A, 2023 | Ppatients pathologically confirmed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who underwent whole-body [18F] FDG PET/CT imaging before treatment from August 2005 to June. | Patients with comorbid diseases, including known malignancy or active infection, and were under the age of 18 were excluded. | 62 | 64.7 ± 14.0 |
Manjit K, 2023 | NR | NR | 20,000 | NR |
Noriaki H, 2023 | NR | NR | 249 | NR |